Endometriosis and pregnancy

Endometriosis is a long-term condition affecting women of childbearing age. This article covers its symptoms, effects on fertility, and implications for pregnancy.

What is endometriosis?

In endometriosis, small pieces of the inner lining of the uterus (womb) are found elsewhere in the body. This lining is called the endometrium. The pieces of tissue may become attached to other organs, such as the bladder, bowel or ovaries.

Endometriosis affects around two million women in the UK. Most of them are diagnosed between the ages of 25 and 40. It is likely, though it has not been proved, that endometriosis is caused by a combination of genetic, immune system and hormonal factors. The condition is long-term and has no cure. However, symptoms can be managed and fertility improved with pain medication, hormone treatment or surgery.

Symptoms of endometriosis

Endometriosis commonly causes pain in the lower abdomen (tummy), pelvis or lower back. Pelvic pain often, but not always, coincides with the menstrual cycle, so you may have worse pain during your periods. Some women have few, or no, symptoms, but others experience severe pain that disrupts their lives. Treatment can involve:

• pain medication
• hormone treatment
• surgery.

Treatment may not be necessary if symptoms are mild.

Endometriosis and fertility

Difficulty in getting pregnant may affect about 30- 40% of the women who have endometriosis. Fertility problems occur because the tissue from the endometrium may be found in the ovaries or fallopian tube and stops these organs working properly. 

Endometriosis and pregnancy

The majority of women with endometriosis who wish to get pregnant are able to do so, either with or without some medical treatment for the endometriosis. During pregnancy, the painful symptoms of endometriosis may reduce or disappear. However this effect is not likely to last after pregnancy and breastfeeding have finished.

Further information

NCT's helpline offers practical and emotional support in all areas of pregnancy, birth and early parenthood: 0300 330 0700.  We also offer antenatal courses which are a great way to find out more about birth, labour and life with a new baby.

NHS choices gives information on the diagnosis and treatement of endometriosis and its effect on fertility.

Endometriosis UK aims to improve the lives of people affected by endometriosis and work towards a future where it has the least possible impact on those living with endometriosis.